Fig. 2

An example of using pairwise relationships and hypergraphs for higher-order interactions. A_test: A blood-based diagnostic test, B1: plasma A\(\beta\)42/40 ratio, B2: ApoE proteotype, B3: age. Upper: A statement in PMID 33933117 with a highlighted subject, which is to be represented with pairwise relationships and hypergraphs. Bottom left (a): Pairwise relationships that represent higher-order interactions as special hyperedges. Each hyperedge has only two entities: 1) Hyperedge 1: {A_test,B1}, 2) Hyperedge 2: {A_test,B2}, and 3) Hyperedge 3: {A_test,B3}. Bottom middle (b1): Hypergraphs that represent higher-order interactions as a hyperedge {B1,B2,B3}. The hyperedge is pointed to the node A_test with a relation of is_a. Bottom right (b2): A hyperedge in b1 is reified as a handle. The handle is pointed to the node A_test with a relation of is_a